Publications

Explore our latest scientific articles, research papers, and contributions to advance knowledge in the field.

MACHINE LEARNING

The Goldilocks paradigm: comparing classical machine learning, large language models, and few-shot learning for drug discovery applications

Snyder SH, Vignaux PA, Ozalp MK, Gerlach J, Puhl AC, Lane TR, et al.

Assessment of Substrate-Dependent Ligand Interactions at the Organic Cation Transporter OCT2 Using Six Model Substrates

Sandoval PH, Zorn KM, Clark AM, Ekins S, Wright SH

Computational drug repositioning identifies niclosamide and tribromsalan as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus

Yang JJ, Goff A, Wild DJ, Ding Y, Annis A, Kerber R, et al.

Machine learning-aided search for ligands of P2Y6 and other P2Y receptors

Puhl AC, Lewicki SA, Gao ZG, Pramanik A, Makarov V, Ekins S, Jacobson KA

Generative Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Protein Design Must Consider Repurposing Potential

Ekins S, Brackmann M, Invernizzi C, Lentzos F

High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening and Machine Learning Methods Enabled the Selection of Broad-Spectrum Low-Toxicity Antitrypanosomatidic Agents

Linciano P, Quotadamo A, Luciani R, Suntucci M, Zorn KM, Foil DH, et al.

There’s a ‘ChatGPT’ for biology. What could go wrong?

Ekins S, Lentzos F, Brackmann M, Invernizzi C

Comparing LD50/LC50 Machine Learning Models for Multiple Species

Lane TR, Harris J, Urbina F, Ekins S

Validation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Machine Learning Models for Multiple Species

Vignaux P, Lane TR, Urbina F, Gerlach J, Puhl AC, Snyder SH, Ekins S

Stakeholder perspectives on the Biological Weapons Convention

Hamilton A, Ayodutun B, Urbina F, Lentzos F, Otim G, Revill J, et al.

A teachable moment for dual-use.

Urbina F, Lentzos F, Invernizzi C, Ekins S

Confirmation of high-throughput screening data and novel mechanistic insights into FXR-xenobiotic interactions by orthogonal assays

Hamm J, Mahapatra D, Knuth MM, Abedini J, Lingerfelt M, Ekins S, Kullman SW

Al-novation: Finding New Uses for Artificial Intelligence Across Industries

Ekins S

AI in drug discovery: A wake-up call

Urbina F, Lentzos F, Invernizzi C, Ekins S

Machine Learning Models Identify New Inhibitors for Human OATP1B1.

Lane TR, Urbina F, Zhang X, Fye M, Gerlach J, Wright S, Ekins S

Combining DELs and machine learning for toxicology prediction.

Blay V, Li X, Gerlach J, Urbina F, Ekins S

Machine Learning for Discovery of New ADORA Modulators.

Puhl AC, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Ekins S

Rickettsia Aglow: A Fluorescence Assay and Machine Learning Model to Identify Inhibitors of Intracellular Infection.

Lemenze A, Mittal N, Perryman AL, Daher SS, Ekins S, Occi J, et al.

Integrating Generative Molecular Design, Automated Analog Designer, and Synthetic Viability Prediction

Urbina F, Lowden CT, Culberson JC, Ekins S

The Commoditization of AI for Molecule Design.

Urbina F, Ekins S

Dual use of artificial-intelligence-powered drug discovery

Urbina F, Lentzos F, Invernizzi C, Ekins S

Mycobacterium abscessus drug discovery using machine learning

Schmalstig AA, Zorn KM, Murcia S, Robinson A, Savina S, Komarova E, et al.

Machine Learning Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis In VitroActivity: Prediction and Target Visualization

Lane TR, Urbina F, Rank L, Gerlach J, Riabova O, Lepishkin A, et al.

UV-adVISor: Attention-Based Recurrent Neural Networks to Predict UV-Vis Spectra

Urbina F, Batra K, Luebke KJ, White JD, Matsiev D, Olson LL, et al.

Remdesivir and EIDD-1931 Interact with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2: Implications for Reaching SARS-CoV-2 Viral Sanctuary Sites

Miller SR, McGrath ME, Zorn KM, EKins S, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ

Machine Learning Models Identify Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2

Gawrilijuk VO, Zin PPK, Puhl AC, Zorn KM, Foil DH, Lane TR, et al.

Bayesian Modeling and Intrabacterial Drug Metabolism Applied to Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Patel JS, Norambuena J, Al-Tameemi H, Ahn YM, Perryman AL, Wang X, et al.

Development of Machine Learning Models and the Discovery of a New Antiviral Compound against Yellow Fever Virus

Gawrilijuk VO, Foil DH, Puhl AC, Zorn KM, Lane TR, Riabova O, et al.

Recent advances in drug repurposing using machine learning.

Urbina F, Puhl AC, Ekins S

Cationic Compounds with SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Activity and their Interaction with OCT/MATE Secretory Transporters

Guerrero-Martinez L, Zhang X, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Wright SH

Comparing the Pfizer Central Nervous System Multiparameter Optimization Calculator and a BBB Machine Learning Model

Urbina F, Zorn KM, Brunner D, Ekins S

Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms for Drug Discovery Applications

Batra K, Zorn KM, Foil DH, Minerali E, Gawrilijuk VO, Lane TR, Ekins S

Multiple Computational Approaches for Predicting Drug Interactions with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1

Miller SR, Lane TR, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ

CATMoS: Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite

Mansouri K, Karmaus AL, Fitzpatrick J, Patlewicz G, Pradeep P, Alberga D, et al.

Discovery of 5-Nitro-6-thiocyanatopyrimidines as Inhibitors of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii

Donlin MJ, Lane TR, Riabova O, Lepioshkin A, Xu E, Lin J, et al.

A Machine Learning Strategy for Drug Discovery Identifies Anti-Schistosomal Small Molecules

Zorn KM, Sun S, McConnon CL, Ma K, Chen EK, Foil DH, et al.

Bioactivity Comparison across Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms Using over 5000 Datasets for Drug Discovery.

Lane TR, Foil DH, Minerali E, Urbina F, Zorn KM, Ekins S

Comparing Machine Learning Models for Aromatase (P450 19A1).

Zorn KM, Foil DH, Lane TR, Hillwalker W, Feifarek DJ, Jones F, Klaren WD, et al.

Predicting Drug Interactions with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2 Using Functional Knockout Cell Lines and Bayesian Modeling.

Miller SR, Zhang X, Hau RK, Hilek JL, Jennings EQ, Galligan JJ, et al.

Computational Approaches to Identify Molecules Binding to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis KasA

Puhl AC, Lane TR, Vignaux PA, Zorn KM, Capodagli GC, Neiditch MB, et al.

Comparison of Machine Learning Models for the Androgen Receptor

Zorn KM, Foil DH, Lane TR, Hillwalker W, Feifarek DJ, Jones F, et al.

Machine Learning for Discovery of GSK3β Inhibitors

Vignaux PA, Minerali E, Foil DH, Puhl AC, Ekins S

Evaluation of Assay Central® Machine Learning Models for Rat Acute Oral Toxicity Prediction

Minerali E, Foil DH, Zorn KM, Ekins S

Machine Learning Models for Estrogen Receptor Bioactivity and Endocrine Disruption Prediction

Zorn KM, Foil DH, Lane TR, Russo DP, Hillwalker W, Feifarek DJ, et al.

Synergistic drug combinations and machine learning for drug repurposing in chordoma.

Anderson E, Havener TM, Zorn KM, Foil DH, Lane TR, Capuzzi SJ, et al.

Machine Learning Platform to Discover Novel Growth Inhibitors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Pereiera JC, Daher SS, Zorn KM, Sherwood M, Russo R, Perryman AL, et al.

Comparing Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI).

Minerali E, Foil DH, Zorn KM, Lane TR, Ekins S

Pruned Machine Learning Models to Predict Aqueous Solubility

Perryman AL, Inoyama D, Patel JS, Ekins S, Freundilich JS

Cheminformatics Analysis and Modeling with MacrolactoneDB

Zin PPK, Williams GJ, Ekins S

Multiple Machine Learning Comparisons of HIV Cell-based and Reverse Transcriptase Data Sets.

Zorn KM, Lane TR, Russo DP, Clark AM, Makarov V, Ekins S

Ebola Virus Bayesian Machine Learning Models Enable New in Vitro Leads.

Anantpadma M, Lane TR, Zorn KM, Lingerfelt MA, Clark AM, Freundilich JS, et al.

Halogen Substitution Influences Ketamine Metabolism by Cytochrome P450 2B6: In Vitro and Computational Approaches.

Wang PF, Neiner A, Lane TR, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Kharasch ED

Opportunities and Challenges Using Artificial Intelligence in ADME/Tox

Bhhatarai B, Walters WP, Hop CECA, Lanza G, Ekins S

Exploiting Machine Learning for End-to-End Drug Discovery and Development

Ekins S, Puhl AC, Zorn KM, Lane TR, Russo KP, Klein JJ, et al.

High-Throughput Screening and Bayesian Machine Learning for Copper-Dependent Inhibitors of Staphylococcus Aureus

Dalecki AG, Zorn KM, Clark AM, Ekins S, Narmore WT, Tower N, et al.

A multitarget approach to drug discovery inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis PyrG and PanK.

Chiarelli LR, Mori G, Orena BS, Esposito M, Lane TR, Ribeiro ALDJL, et al.

Comparing and Validating Machine Learning Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Discovery

Lane TR, Russo DP, Zorn KM, Clark AM, Korotcov A, Tkachenko V, Reynolds RC, et al.

The EU approved antimalarial pyronaridine shows antitubercular activity and synergy with rifampicin, targeting RNA polymerase.

Mori G, Orena BS, Franch C, Mitchenall LA, Godbole AA, Rodrigues L, et al.

High Throughput and Computational Repurposing for Neglected Diseases.

Hernandez HW, Soeung M, Zorn KM, Ashoura N, Mottin M, Andrade CH, et al.

Comparing Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms and Metrics for Estrogen Receptor Binding Prediction

Russo DP, Zorn KM, Clark AM, Zhu H, Ekins S

Comparison of Deep Learning With Multiple Machine Learning Methods and Metrics Using Diverse Drug Discovery Data Sets

Korotcov A, Tkachenko V, Russo DP, Ekins S

ANTIVIRALS

1-Sulfonyl-3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles as Yellow Fever Virus Inhibitors: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship

Kazakova E, Lane TR, Jones T, Puhl AC, Riabova O, Makarov V, Ekins S

Synthesis and Evaluation of 9-Aminoacridines with SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Activity

Jones T, Monakhova N, Guivel-Benhassine F, Lepioshkin A, Bruel T, Lane TR, et al.

Antiviral Evaluation of Dispirotripiperazines against Hepatitis B Virus

Jones T, Tavis JE, Li Q, Riabova O, Monakhova N, Bradley DP, et al.

Learning from COVID-19: How drug hunters can prepare for the next pandemic

Puhl AC, Lane TR, Ekins S

Discovery of PLpro and Mpro Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2

Puhl AC, Godoy AS, Noske GD, Nakamura AM, Gawrilijuk VO, Fernandes RS, et al.

Efficacy of an isoxazole-3-carboxamide analog of pleconaril in mouse models of Enterovirus-D68 and Coxsackie B5

Lane TR, Fu J, Sherry B, Tarbet B, Hurst BL, Riabova O, et al.

N-Phenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine as a New Class of HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor.

Lane TR, Makarov V, Nelson JAE, Meeker RB, Sanna G, Riabova O, et al.

Transporter Inhibition Profile for the Antivirals Tilorone, Quinacrine and Pyronaridine

Vignaux PA, Lane TR, Puhl AC, Hau RK, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ, Ekins S

The protein disulfide isomerase inhibitor 3-methyltoxoflavin inhibits Chikungunya virus.

Puhl AC, Fernandes RS, Godoy AS, Gil L, Oliva G, Ekins S

Discovery of New Zika Protease and Polymerase Inhibitors through the Open Science Collaboration Project OpenZika

Mottin M, Sousa B, Mesquita N, Oliveira K, Noske GD, Sartori GR, et al.

Vandetanib Blocks the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Mice

Puhl AC, Gomes GF, Damasceno S, Fritch EJ, Levi JA, Johnson NJ, et al.

Computational and Experimental Approaches Identify Beta-Blockers as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Spike Inhibitors

Puhl AC, Mottin M, Sacramento CQ, Tavella TA, Dias GG, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, et al.

Pyronaridine Protects against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mouse

Puhl AC, Gomes GF, Damaesceno S, Godoy AS, Moske GD, Nakamura AM, et al.

The need for speed and efficiency: A brief review of small molecule antivirals for COVID-19

Puhl AC, Lane TR, Urbina F, Ekins S

Chalcones from Angelica keiskei (ashitaba) inhibit key Zika virus replication protein

Mottin M, Caesar LK, Brodsky D, Mesquita N, Oliveira KZ, Noske GD, et al.

Defending Antiviral Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs That May Cause Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis

Lane TR, Ekins S

Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine and Pyronaridine: In Vitro Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms

Puhl AC, Fritch EJ, Lane TR, Tse LV, Yount BL, Sacramento CQ, et al.

The Antiviral Drug Tilorone Is A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase

Vignaux PA, Minerali E, Lane TR, Foil DH, Madrid PB, Puhl AC, Ekins S

Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens as Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors

Lima CS, Mottin M, Assis LR, Mesquita N, Sousa B, Coimbra LD, et al.

The Past, Present and Future of RNA Respiratory Viruses: Influenza and Coronaviruses

Makarov V, Riabova O, Ekins S, Pluzhnikov N, Chepur S

déjà vu: Stimulating Open Drug Discovery for SARS CoV 2

Ekins S, Mottin M, Ramos P, Sousa B, Neves BJ, Foil DH, et al.

Repurposing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Potential Treatments for COVID-19

Baker N, Williams AJ, Tropsha A, Ekins S

Pyronaridine Tetraphosphate Efficacy Against Ebola Virus Infection in Guinea Pig.

Lane TR, Massey C, Comer JE, Freiberg AN, Zhou H, Dyall J, et al.

Toward the Target: Tilorone, Quinacrine, and Pyronaridine Bind to Ebola Virus Glycoprotein

Lane TR, Ekins S

Repurposing Pyramax®, quinacrine and tilorone as treatments for Ebola virus disease

Lane TR, Dyall J, Mercer L, Goodin C, Foil DH, Zhou H, et al.

Dispirotripiperazine-core compounds, their biological activity with a focus on broad antiviral property, and perspectives in drug design

Egorova A, Bogner E, Novoselova E, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Makarov V

Repurposing Quinacrine against Ebola Virus Infection In Vivo

Lane TR, Comer JE, Freiberg AN, Madrid PB, Ekins S

Repurposing the antimalarial pyronaridine tetraphosphate to protect against Ebola virus infection.

Lane TR, Massey C, Comer JE, Anantpadma M, Freundilich JS, Davey RA, Madrid PB, Ekins S

The Natural Product Eugenol Is an Inhibitor of the Ebola Virus In Vitro

Lane TR, Anantpadma M, Freundilich JS, Davey RA, Madrid PB, Ekins S

RARE OR NEGLECTED DISEASES

Identification of New Modulators and Inhibitors of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 for CLN1 Batten Disease and Cancer

Puhl AC, Raman R, Favener TM, Minerali E, Hickey AJ, Ekins S

Developing treatments for rare diseases on a shoestring

Puhl AC, Negri S, Hupcey MAZ, Ekins S

Multiple approaches to repurposing drugs for neuroblastoma

Rank L, Puhl AC, Havener TM, Anderson E, Foil DH, Zorn KM, et al.

Cross-species efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for CLN1 disease in mice and sheep

Nelvagal HR, Eaton SL, Wang SH, Eultgen EM, Takahashi K, Le SQ, et al.

Advancing the Research and Development of Enzyme Replacement Therapies for Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Puhl AC, Ekins S

Knowledge-based approaches to drug discovery for rare diseases.

Alves VM, Korn D, Pervitsky V, Thieme A, Capuzzi SJ, Baker N, et al.

Using Bibliometric Analysis and Machine Learning to Identify Compounds Binding to Sialidase-1

Klein JJ, Baker NC, Foil DH, Zorn KM, Urbina F, Puhl AC, Ekins S

Repurposing the Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Inhibitor Nicardipine as a Nav1.8 Inhibitor In Vivo for Pitt Hopkins Syndrome

Ekins S, Puhl AC, Davidow A

Repurposing Approved Drugs as Inhibitors of Kv7.1 and Nav1.8 to Treat Pitt Hopkins Syndrome

Ekins S, Gerlach J, Zorn KM, Antonio BM, Lin Z, Gerlach A

Doing it All - How Families are Reshaping Rare Disease Research

Ekins S, Perlstein EO

Industrializing rare disease therapy discovery and development

Ekins S

Incentives for starting small companies focused on rare and neglected diseases

Ekins S, Wood J

Collaboration for rare disease drug discovery research

Litterman NK, Rhee M, Swinney DC, EKins S

Recommendations to enable drug development for the inherited neuropathies: Charco-Marie-Tooth and Giant Axonal Neuropathy

Sames L, Moore A, Arnold RJG

The multifaceted roles of rare disease parent / patient advocates in drug discovery

Wood J, et al.

A generalizable pre-clinical research approach for orphan disease therapy

Beaulieu CL, Samuels ME, Ekins S, McMaster CR, Edwards AM, Krainer AR, et al.